Lori Wilkinson, a University of Manitoba sociology and criminology professor who specializes in migration, describes it as “shopping while Black.”

Racialized and Indigenous people are likely tracked more by security, she said. They’re also commonly found working retail jobs, which exposes them to shoplifting and potential violence, she said.

Racialized people are less likely to find jobs that offer the same pay and benefits following university graduation than their non-racialized and non-Indigenous counterparts, Statistics Canada reported last year.

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